Parthenolide, which occurs naturally in the medical herb feverfew, significantly repressed the development of endometriosis, possibly by suppressing peritoneal inflammatory status via the nuclear factor kB pathway.

Polyethylene glycol, a stable LIF inhibitor, is a potential fertility-regulating agent as it inhibits human embryo implantation in an in vitro endometrial construct, demonstrating the vital role of embryonic LIF.

Antioxidants enhance recovery of testicular effects of therapeutically relevant dose levels of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin. The antioxidants up-regulate germ cell renewal and recovery of Sertoli cell functions, fertility, and the pituitary-testis axis.

Nerve fibers were detected in nodules 6 months after their induction in baboons and may be involved in lesion invasion. High nerve growth factor expression may mean that the innervation process is not yet complete.