Progestin stimulated extracellular matrix formation in immortalized human leiomyoma two-dimensional and three-dimensional cultures, and mifepristone inhibited progestin-stimulated extracellular matrix protein components involved in aberrant fibrosis.

Decreased expression of GRIM-19 may play a role in adenomyosis by regulating apoptosis and angiogenesis.

This study demonstrates for the first time that oocytes with normal spindle morphology are more likely to produce euploid embryos compared with oocytes with translucent or no visible meiotic spindles.

Poor expression of implantation markers and altered leukemia inhibitory factor–signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (LIF-STAT3) signaling in women with dormant genital tuberculosis is associated with implantation failure. Alterations in LIF-STAT3 signaling in heat shock protein-65-treated human endometrial stromal cells confirms compromised endometrial decidualization.

Epidermal growth factor–containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 gene expression and fibulin- 3 protein expression are significantly down-regulated in leiomyomas versus myometrium in vivo and in vitro. Differences in expression are partially due to differences in methylation status.

The performance of the different commercial antimullerian hormone assays for polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis is comparable, but different threshold values should be used for automatic and manual assays.

Oral administration of an FSH agonist demonstrated acceptable exposure and was well tolerated. No clear effect was observed on follicular development; higher doses were not tested owing to thyroid function test changes.

Next-generation sequencing allows for the detection of pure and mosaic segmental aneuploidies with the same efficiency as array comparative genomic hybridization.

In female balanced X-autosome translocation, normal/balanced female embryos obtained after a preimplantation genetic diagnosis procedure and transferred have a potential risk of clinical abnormalities owing to the uncertain outcome of X inactivation.

Consumption of a Western-style diet by female nonhuman primates with and without mildly elevated testosterone alters small antral follicle morphology, numbers, health, and RNA transcriptome.

Women who conceived with fertility treatments were more likely to stop breast feeding and provide formula to their infants earlier. A higher prevalence of preterm birth does not fully explain these associations.

Children from oocytes and embryos infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) were not chronically infected after birth; the HBsAg in oocytes and embryos may not result in vertical transmission.

In 807,765 singleton pregnancies in Ontario, Canada, the risk of placental complications was sixfold higher in hypertensive women using assisted reproduction technology compared with normotensive women in unassisted pregnancies.

Women with endometriosis, in addition to genetic predisposition, are exposed more frequently to preterm birth during intrauterine life and to formula feeding in early postnatal life.

Our study showed that, in Caucasian women, genetic variants in the PLGF rs2268613 gene influences PLGF plasma levels. Plasma levels of VEGF were elevated in endometriosis patients compared with controls.

Assisted reproduction technology has no adverse impact on pain symptoms or quality of life in women with endometriosis of any phenotype as compared with healthy women.

Excising endometriotic lesions significantly decreased circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines. Levels were also higher than in normal women, dissimilar in eutopic versus ectopic endometrium, and influenced by disease stage.

Cesarean scar pregnancies are challenging to diagnose and treat owing to the heterogenic appearance and treatment possibilities. This systematic review supports an interventional rather than medical approach.

A human chorionic gonadotropin decline of >85% in 4 days or >95% in 1 week effectively rules out the presence of an ectopic pregnancy.

Lower and higher antimullerian hormone levels are not associated with human chorionic gonadotropin- detected or clinical pregnancy loss in unassisted conceptions in women with a history of pregnancy loss.

A first post–embryo transfer serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin level of 1.0–5.0 mIU/mL may not exclude pregnancy and is associated with poor outcomes compared with a level <1.0 mIU/mL. Serial testing may be warranted.

The incidence of pregnancies after sterilization with Essure is low. Most pregnancies were related to nonadherence to placement and follow-up protocols or misinterpretation of confirmation tests, and seem therefore preventable.

Clinics with significantly higher rates of nonreportable in vitro fertilization cycles present higher live birth rates compared with all other clinics in the United States.

After assisted reproductive technology (ART), mothers had a 17% increased likelihood of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia compared with non-ART mothers, which was likely associated with the ART mothers’ multiple pregnancies.

The degree of blastocoele expansion is a better predictor of live birth after both fresh and vitrified/ warmed single blastocyst transfer cycles than inner cell mass and trophectoderm.

A low estradiol level at the time of a first positive pregnancy test after in vitro fertilization is associated with poorer pregnancy outcomes but does not preclude the possibility of a live birth.

Lower sperm motility was associated with significant lower sex ratio in in vitro fertilization whereas intracytoplasmic sperm injection was associated with significant lower sex ratio regardless of sperm quality.

Reflections on “Cesarean scar pregnancy—a systemic review of treatment studies” by Birch Peterson et al.

Reflections on “Reporting in vitro fertilization cycles to Society for Assisted Reproductive Technologies (SART) database: where have all the cycles gone?” by Kulak et al.

This document provides updated coding information for services related to assisted reproductive technology procedures. This document replaces the 2012 ASRM document of the same name.

We discuss the ethical considerations related to human reproductive cloning (somatic cell nuclear transfer). Arguments are presented justifying the conclusion that the process is unethical.

Microsurgical reconstruction for male infertility is a relatively recent development in the history of urology therapy. The results of the first microsurgical vasovasostomy (VV) were published in the late1960s, and this epic achievement has been followed by almost fifty years of microsurgical innovation (1). Despite the well-established success of microsurgery, the role of male reproductive tract reconstruction has been called into question because of the many advances made in assisted reproductive technology (ART).

For the infertile woman with tubal damage, there are only two realistic options for achieving a pregnancy: reconstructive surgery or in vitro fertilization (IVF). Until the 1980s, reconstructive surgery was the only therapeutic option for infertility caused by tubal and peritoneal factors. Traditional techniques yielded poor outcomes, often as a result of extensive postoperative adhesions. This led to the development of gynecologic microsurgery in the early 1970s. In addition to the use of magnification, microsurgery introduced a broad concept of surgery designed to be more precise, to minimize trauma and tissue damage, and to avoid an acute inflammatory reaction in the peritoneal cavity to obtain better results and prevent postoperative adhesions.

Social media, as defined by Wikipedia, the social encyclopedia, is a computer-mediated tool that allows people to create, share, or exchange information, career interests, ideas, and pictures/videos in virtual communities and networks. A Google search for the term yields 1.2 billion hits and you are hard pressed to get through your morning coffee without being asked to give or receive information through one of the many outlets that fall under this umbrella.

Some medical conditions and lifestyle factors can influence implantation in the setting of IVF. Multiple endometrial and circulating factors affecting implantation will be reviewed.

Improvements in cryopreservation technology resulted in greater availability of frozen embryos for transfers. Optimal endometrial preparation and timing of transfers are essential for improvements in frozen embryo transfer pregnancy rates and outcomes.

Embryonic implantation requires synchrony between the endometrium and the embryo.

Meticulous ET technique, aided by ultrasound guidance, is essential to optimal outcomes with assisted reproductive technology.

Anatomic and functional anomalies of the uterus, including those occurring as a result of pathologies lying outside the uterus, such as endometriosis and hydrosalpinges, should be elucidated, with appropriate measures taken to optimize assisted reproductive outcome.

A viable delivery requires optimal embryo transfer technique, a receptive and synchronized endometrium, a physiologically and anatomically adequate uterus, and absence of local and circulating factors capable of disrupting implantation.