We describe the scientific rigor required for the introduction of new devices and protocols in assisted reproductive technology.

We describe the early steps that brought about the establishment of assisted fertilization techniques culminating in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) along with presentations of current diagnostic screening methods for spermatozoal (dys)function.

We describe the early steps that brought forth the development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection and its role in assisted reproduction techniques.

Present-day semen analysis is better than it has ever been. However, alone, it does not meet modern day clinical diagnostic needs.

The epigenome of human sperm demonstrates a historical record of spermatogenesis as well as a poising of key developmental genes that may be functional in embryogenesis.

A focused review is presented of the scientific literature pertaining to spermatozoal RNA.

This revised Committee Opinion outlines reproductive issues relevant to women with Turner syndrome, including associated maternal morbidity and mortality, oocyte donation, prenatal testing and care, and alternatives to infertility treatment, such as surrogacy or adoption.

Genome-wide sperm DNA methylation patterns were evaluated in abnormal protamine 1/protamine 2 ratio, abnormal IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection embryogenesis, and normozoospermic, fertile control men. Broadly aberrant methylation was observed in three patients.

The SOD content in mature sperm is a good predictor of post-thaw motility recovery of cryopreserved human spermatozoa.

Extremely low prevalence rates of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection were found in Canadian infertile men.

This up-to-date systematic review demonstrates that several treatments for retrograde ejaculation exist but further research is needed to allow comparison between treatment methods.

We present a case of variant primary ciliary dyskinesia with complete asthenozoospermia and reduced respiratory function. Testicular sperm extraction was used to retrieve improved-quality sperm, and a healthy child was achieved with the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Although their testes showed severe fibrosis and hyalinization, spermatogonia were observed in 4 of 22 Klinefelter syndrome patients with no sperm recovered after TESE.

In this meta-analysis, infants conceived after elective single embryo transfer have decreased risks of low birth weight and prematurity than after double embryo transfer but higher risks of prematurity than spontaneous conceptions.

Individual human embryos with the potential to develop to high-scoring blastocysts could be selected at 2–3 days of culture using this system by examining the times required to complete the second and third mitotic divisions.

Fragmented oocytes occur rarely in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles, but their presence is associated with reduced developmental potential of sibling oocytes and lower implantation and pregnancy rates.

In younger patients undergoing IVF, luteal phase support with vaginal P produces significantly higher pregnancy rates than does IMP. Vaginal P is equally effective as IM in older patients.

Overweight significantly increases the risk of very early preterm and very preterm births in twins conceived by IVF.

Surgical or medical management of early pregnancy failure can be cost effective, depending on the specific circumstances.

We investigated patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss for expression of antitrophoblast antibodies using choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 because these cells retain many characteristics of normal pregnancy-derived trophoblasts.

Associated deep infiltrating endometriosis has a negative impact on assisted reproduction results in patients with endometriomas.

The relationship between endometriosis-associated nerves and both pain and PF cytokine concentrations depends on the location of the lesion.

Female cancer survivors who have received systemic therapy have lower pregnancy and live birth rates and a relatively high risk for cycle cancellation in ART compared with other infertility patients.

Overnight transportation of ovarian tissue before cryopreservation is possible, as shown by this report of a live birth; however, further research is needed before the procedure can be used in clinical practice.

One novel synonymous variant and three known single-nucleotide polymorphisms in WNT7A were identified in 191 Chinese patients with m€ullerian duct abnormalities.

Characterization of ploidy errors in 274 blastomeres using a novel informatics-based technique revealed aneuploidy profiles with unprecedented detail, including identifying parental origin of aneuploidy and differentiating mitotic from meiotic errors.

TSPYL1 variants are not clearly associated with idiopathic male infertility. Mutation screening of the TSPYL1 gene can currently not be recommended in diagnostics of idiopathic male infertility.

A survey of professional meeting attendees demonstrates good knowledge and positive attitudes about genetic disorders and expanded genetic screening. Future education is needed to address specific educational deficiencies and misperceptions.

Oxidative stress status, a powerful predictor of coronary artery disease in women, has important implications for the differences between sexes in ischemic disease physiopathology.

An online questionnaire to assess the fertility and assisted human reproduction knowledge of 3,345 childless women found significant knowledge gaps that may undermine informed childbearing decision making.

We analyzed 66 in vitro fertilization clinics’ egg donor consent forms for information related to potential research on resultant embryos and found that most forms lack such information.

Male infertility may be influenced by psychologic stress and psychotropic agents. Available literature is heterogeneous, and further studies are needed to demonstrate the relationship between stress, antidepressants, and male fertility.

Treatment of cultured normal and malignant breast cells with follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin did not result in cell proliferation or growth.

Two B-cell epitopes in transmembrane domains of CatSper1 show immunocontraceptive potential in male mice, and induce high titer of specific antibody, which impairs sperm function and causes sperm agglutination.

Plasminogen is present in the oviductal fluid. Plasminogen and plasminogen activators are present in oolemma and zona pellucida of matured oocytes. After IVF, the immunoreactivity for plasminogen and its activators in oocytes decreases. Presence of plasminogen in the IVF medium decreases polyspermy rates.

In dihydrotestosterone-treated female rats, decrease of insulin-induced relaxation of arterioles was observed in addition to metabolically proven insulin resistance; both were improved by parallel vitamin D treatment.

Ovarian follicles were cultured individually in vitro with androstenedione. The results demonstrate that excess androgen induces abnormalities in the morphology and function of developing oocytes.

Dienogest inhibits aromatase expression and PGE2 production by inhibiting COX-2 expression in spheroid cultures of endometriotic cells. These features might contribute to a therapeutic effect of dienogest upon endometriosis.

Estriol administration modulates the hypothalamuspituitary unit and promotes the recovery of luteinizing hormone synthesis and secretion in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea.

This randomized placebo-controlled study demonstrated that low-dose testosterone administration decreases natriuretic peptide levels in women.