The contribution of superovulation and ovulation induction to the multiple pregnancy epidemic in the U.S. is likely substantial and preventive strategies are needed.

To examine the history of superovulation for ovulation induction, its contributions to reproductive medicine, and its impact on multiple births.

Ovarian stimulation/intrauterine insemination is a significant determinant of the multiple birth epidemic. Redress will require a rethinking of practice patterns. Herein we explore the prospects of prevention, mitigation, and eventual resolution.

We report on how gonadotropins are useful agents for initiating pregnancy in couples with diverse etiologies of infertility; and elimination of conception of multiple gestations is a desired, but as yet not achieved, outcome.

A historical review of gonadotropin therapy is presented with a summary of studies that have examined its use for anovulation, superovulation, and IVF. A view of a future that nearly eliminates its use is proposed.

A 4-hour quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method for preimplantation comprehensive 24-chromosome aneuploidy screening was developed and validated. Results demonstrated 97.6% accuracy on cell lines and 98.6% consistency with microarray-based blastocyst diagnoses.

This committee opinion provides physicians with pertinent information that may help to avoid multiple pregnancies and aid in patient counseling regarding their associated risks.

The optimal outcome of in vitro fertilization is the birth of a healthy singleton. Elective single-embryo transfer should be offered to good-prognosis patients. Elective single-embryo transfer utilization should increase with improved awareness and embryology laboratory advances.

STRAW + 10 recommended updates to the 2001 Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW) criteria, recommended application regardless of women’s age, ethnicity, body size or lifestyle characteristics and identified seven research priorities.

Glutathione peroxidase activity in seminal plasma is related to semen quality but has no relation to in vitro fertilization outcome.

Atypical deletion patterns are presented in two oligozoospermic males. The Y chromosome with highly repetitive block sequences in AZFb and AZFc led to deletions by intrachromosomal recombination mechanisms (28w).

The diagnostic method for Y-chromosomal microdeletions in the European Academy of Andrology/European Molecular Genetics Quality Network guidelines has been successfully upgraded to a quadruplex realtime polymerase chain reaction assay that can be readily applied as clinical routine.

This prospective, blinded, nonselection study is the first to determine the negative and positive predictive values of aneuploidy screening for clinical outcome. Results demonstrate that this CCS method can be safely used to discard embryos because they rarely possess significant reproductive potential.

We present a meta-analysis evaluating the safety and efficacy of corifollitropin alfa administration in women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation in GnRH antagonist down-regulated IVF/ICSI treatment cycles.

Little difference was seen between the total reproductive potential calculations from SART CORS data and from additional data obtained at 3 clinics.

We report on how having embryos frozen is associated with good quality embryos but not having embryos frozen is not a marker of poor embryo quality.

We report on how evaluation and close monitoring of subsequent pregnancies in carriers of a structural chromosome rearrangement ascertained on the basis of recurrent pregnancy loss resulted in a high live birth rate.

Expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate catabolic enzymes and receptors is altered in endometriosis. These modifications enhance the sphingosine-1-phosphate axis, promoting survival and angiogenesis. This may contribute to the establishment and development of endometriosis.

In a large cohort study, women with endometriosis associated infertility were found to have pregnancy and live birth rates similar to women with tubal factor infertility.

The ESC-derived CCL2 enhances the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, survivin, and matrix metalloproteinase-2, decreases tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1/2 expression, and promotes the growth and invasiveness of ESCs in an autocrine manner through the Akt and MAPK/Erk1/2 signal pathway.

In a large series, we confirmed that the ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in cancer patients is lower than expected for their age compared with a historical control.

High intra-age, intercycle, and intercenter variation in oocyte aneuploidy was observed in first polar body chromosome analysis of oocyctes.

Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of mosaic samples can help determine the detectable level of aneuploidy. Aneuploidy could be confidently called when the level of aneuploid cells in the sample was >50%.

The coexistence of m€ullerian agenesis and ectodermal dysplasia suggests a role in disrupted ectodermalmesodermal communication as a cause of this combination of anomalies.

Uterine bleeding and endometrial hyperplasia in a 67-year-old woman was due to late-onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency, as confirmed by genetic testing.

Leukemia inhibitory factor mRNA expression was significantly decreased in abnormal uterine cavities during the midsecretory phase, suggesting that an abnormal uterine cavity is a possible cause of poor reproductive outcomes.

Couples in which female partners drank coffee, tea, or alcoholic beverages in the past had higher pregnancy and live birth rates compared with never users or current users.

This study revealed that both epistasis between singlenucleotide polymorphisms of HSD17B4 and TG and an HSD17B4 haplotype were significantly associated with premature ovarian failure.

A high-throughput attachment model involving coculture of human endometrial epithelial cells and fluorescence-labeled trophoblast spheroids was established and validated.

In the human ovary, GDF-3, an inhibitor of BMP cytokines, was detected in granulosa cells and oocytes, and its expression was regulated by BMP cytokines.

Oocyte polarity was disrupted during aging; we found that the degradation of actin nucleators Arp2/3 complex, JMY, and WAVE2 results in the loss of oocyte polarity in aged mouse oocytes.

Unacylated ghrelin and obestatin influence human luteal cell function in vitro.

We report on how a hormonally responsive, engineered human endometrial stroma that can be used to study secretory differentiation, uterine receptivity, and menstruation offers advantages over conventional monolayer cultures.

Sheep oocyte quality was assessed by brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining. Stained oocytes (BCB+) showed more adenosine triphosphate and more blastocysts after IVF than BCB. Differences in blastocyst percentages were not observed after ICSI.

Adolescents with PCOS had higher intrahepatic lipid content and a statistical trend for higher retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels than controls. There may be an independent relationship between RBP4 and triglycerides.