Contrary to earlier belief, immature oocytes retrieved from small antral follicles with a diameter of

This study evaluated the effect of short-term postoperative sunitinib administration on reproductive function after surgical uterine abrasion in a rabbit model, and found that it ameliorated adhesion-induced reproductive aberrations.

Phosphodiesterase 9A (PDE9A), a cyclic guanosine monophosphate–specific phosphodiesterase detectable in germinal vesicle oocytes, likely promotes maturation events upstream of PDE3A, making it a candidate target for nonhormonal contraception.

Differences in gene expression in individual polar bodies of metaphase II oocytes may be potential markers for minimally invasive testing of oocyte competence.

Adiponectin receptors, expressed in mouse and human granulosa cells and cumulus cell-oocyte complexes, mediate differential gene expression in mouse cumulus cells versus granulosa cells and enhance oocyte maturation/embryo development.

IGSF8 is an egg surface protein that is not essential for fertility.

In vitro fertilization failure predicts psychological distress, but not the reverse. Psychological interventions should focus on helping patients cope with treatment as opposed to specifically increasing the chance of pregnancy.

Self-reported psychosocial stress, anxiety, and depression were not associated with fecundity. Any adverse effect of stress or psychological disturbance does not appear to be detectable via the questionnaires administered.

Live birth pregnancies are a realistic possibility after administration of a rescue course of hCG and repeat oocyte retrieval in the setting of false empty follicle syndrome.

A qualitative descriptive study of the experiences of infertile women in Jordan. Four key themes emerged: the adversity of incomplete being, the social adversity of being infertile, the adversity of another wife, and the adversity of changes in the marital relationship. These adversities need to be conceptualized within a framework that can be used to empower and counsel infertile women.

Shrinkage of uterine leiomyoma after GnRH-a therapy or menopause is positively correlated with ER levels and VEGF.

Gene expression of human cumulus cells is a promising tool to predict oocyte quality in intracytoplasmic sperm injection patients. This retrospective study pinpointed CAMK1D and EFNB2 as strong genes to predict pregnancy outcome.

Investigating contributory factors to infertility in a man with two phospholipase C zeta (PLCz) mutations found loss-of-activity mutations in PLCz potentially resulting in a slower rate of mutant protein transcription.

Immortalized ectopic endometriotic stromal cells produced complement C3 and pentraxin-3 as major secretory proteins in comparison to eutopic counterparts, and revealed different regulation in iron metabolism.

The different expression of PI-PLC enzymes in the endometrium and endometriosis tissue suggests the hypothesis that PI-PLC enzymes, main effectors in PI signaling, might be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Race/ethnicity is likely related to ART outcomes; however, race/ethnicity is indeterminate in >35% of SART-reported cycles. Racial/ethnic influences on ART outcomes would be better understood if race/ethnicity was universally reported.

This was a large cohort study to determine the association between appendicectomy and subsequent pregnancy rate in females. Appendicectomy was associated with increased subsequent pregnancy rates.

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) may contribute to the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage (RM). Our study highlighted a possible association between the GSTA1 gene and the risk of RM.

Mucin-1 expression is lower in peri-implantation endometrium of women with recurrent pregnancy loss than in controls, but pinopode morphology and coverage, and leukemia inhibitory factor and integrin-b3 expression are similar.

Paternal and maternal carriage of the annexin A5 M2 haplotype confer equal risks for recurrent pregnancy loss.

Thyroid peroxidase antibody does not have prognostic value regarding the outcome of a subsequent pregnancy, and empirical thyroxine therapy in those who tested positive did not seem to improve outcome.

Pregnancies arising from the transfer of frozen thawed IVF embryos have better obstetric and perinatal outcomes based on the observational data.

Trophectoderm morphology, which is significantly related to the rates of ongoing pregnancy and miscarriage, may be the most important parameter when selecting a single blastocyst for transfer.

IVM is an alternative to conventional IVF for women with polycystic ovaries. In vitro maturation avoids the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome but has a significantly lower live birth rate compared with IVF.

In this retrospective, observational, cohort study with 2,555 women, a rise of serum P levels on the day of hCG administration was associated with a reduced live birth rate after day-5 fresh ET.

Cumulative newborn rates per total number of embryos needed to achieve a newborn provide an accurate idea of the likelihood of success in consecutive ovum donation cycles.

In this research, young women commencing IVF had a subsequent increased rate of breast cancer compared with women seeking infertility treatment at the same age but not requiring IVF.

Sperm cryopreservation increases DNA damage in the cytometric PIbr sperm population, an effect that is partly prevented by extracts of Opuntia ficus-indica and resveratrol.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone-based medium can induce sperm DNA fragmentation during intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and frozen-thawed sperm from oligozoospermic ejaculates are more susceptible to in situ DNA fragmentation.

Human sperm head vacuoles have no effect on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes because they are not abnormal structures but physiological changes occurring during the sperm development and maturation process.

Leading medical societies devoted to the care of menopausal women agree that the decision to initiate hormone therapy should be for the indication of treatment of menopauserelated symptoms.

Conventional hormone therapy is preferred over compounded hormone therapy given the available data.

This committee opinion assesses current methods and procedures for evaluation of the infertile female.

This report provides clinicians with principles and strategies for the evaluation of the male partner in couples with male factor infertility.

By effectively preventing OHSS, the antagonist protocol with GnRH-a trigger is a better option for treating women with PCOS than in vitro maturation (IVM).

To date, retrieval of spermatogonial cells in prepubertal boys with Klinefelter syndrome should be viewed as experimental and patients and their parents must be counseled accordingly.

The impact of early hormone therapy on fertility outcomes in patients with Klinefelter syndrome is not well understood. Semen or testicular tissue cryopreservation should be considered in affected adolescents to maximize future fertility potential.

More knowledge about the development of the androgenic and spermatogenic compartments of the Klinefelter testis is needed to formulate a rational approach to fertility optimization and preservation in these men.

Important medical conditions associated with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) are categorized as: 1) motor, cognitive, and behavioral dysfunction; 2) tumors; 3) vascular disease; and 4) endocrine/metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Earlier diagnosis of KS may lead to earlier intervention with effective treatment.

We performed a literature review of the genetic etiology of Klinefelter syndrome, its effect on spermatogenesis, and the health of children born from men with Klinefelter syndrome following assisted reproductive technology.