Therapeutic effects of three different oral contraceptive pills are comparable after 6 months of treatment. After 12 months, the cyproterone containing pill shows greater antiandrogenic effect. Effects on metabolic parameters are identical.

Hepatotoxicity is a rare but possible event when using low- and ultralow-dose regimens of flutamide for hyperandrogenic treatment. We need larger studies in order to identify risk patterns for hepatotoxicity development.

Anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and matched control subjects were followed for 5 years. Women with PCOS who had normal menses after 5 years had significantly lower initial serum antimullerian hormone levels.

Frequent discordance was observed between antimullerian hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, which increased with age in serum from 5,354 women in estradiol-confirmed cycle days 2 to 4.

This study evaluated the effect of tinzaparin and enoxaparin on extravillous trophoblast (EVTC) invasive properties. The observed beneficial effect of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) on EVTC invasiveness and on heparin binding-EGF and Cyr61 expression/secretion suggested a possible biological rationale for the clinical use of LMWHs in placental-mediated pregnancy complications.

The most suitable housekeeping genes within healthy and adhesion-mesothelial tissue are ACTB, YWHAZ, and CYC1, as they are most stable in both tissue types.

Chlormadinone acetate down-regulated cyclo-oxygenase-2 messenger RNA expression and suppressed prostaglandin F2a production ex vivo in an interleukin-1b–stimulated human endometrial explants model, whereas the glucocorticoid reference compound dexamethasone showed no effect.

The levels of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 show dynamic changes during human oocyte maturation and embryonic development. Asymmetric distribution of H3K27me3 exists in human zygote pronuclei, whereas H3K4me3 is always uniform.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate treatment can inhibit apoptosis of granulosa cells in response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2, and the protective effect of S1P is mediated through the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Systematic analysis of 102 websites of IVF clinic and egg donor agency websites demonstrate considerable lack of compliance with ASRM's ethical guidelines regarding trait-based compensation, presentation of risks, and recruitment age minimums.

Women with reduced ovarian reserve or advanced maternal age have altered follicular cell metabolism, which is reflected in follicular fluid composition. This may represent a mechanism for reduced oocyte quality.

It is often appropriate to propose more than two hysteroscopic procedures to treat severe Asherman syndrome to restore fertility.

There is no difference in experienced postoperative pain between laparo-endoscopic single-site surgery and conventional laparoscopy for benign adnexal disease.

Hypothesizing that a combination of polymorphic variants of major endocrine constituents of the menstrual cycle determines ovarian reserve, only the ESR1-PvuII polymorphism was found to be a potential candidate for early prediction of premature ovarian aging in female infertility.

Higher FSH start dose does not improve cycle outcomes in women with breast cancer undergoing fertility preservation with letrozole for embryo cryopreservation.

Cancer does not influence ovarian response in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for fertility preservation.

Endometrial cannabinoid receptor type 1 expression during the progesterone-dominant secretory phase is minimal in women with endometriosis, and exposure of endometrial cells to TCDD similarly disrupts cannabinoid signaling.

Endosalpingiosis appears to affect postmenopausal women at a rate much higher than previously reported. Endosalpingiosis and endometriosis occur concurrently in 34% of endosalpingiosis cases; however, the two diseases have different clinical presentations.

Prospective longitudinal evaluation of preconception stress biomarkers in relation to the secondary sex ratio demonstrated a significant association between preconception cortisol concentration and decreased odds of a male birth.

Type A personality (i.e., time urgency, job involvement, competitiveness) independently predicted hormone therapy use among 1,803 postmenopausal women of the French GAZEL Cohort Study, before and after the WHI publication.

Among singleton pregnancies, maternal factors associated with infertility, rather than the ART procedures themselves, may contribute to several obstetric and perinatal outcomes.

Thrombin enhances the secretion of sFlt-1 from trophoblasts, indicating that increased thrombin in the uteroplacental interface may contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Ectopic pregnancy hCG curves mimic other outcomes in 27% of cases, and changes in the direction of the curve are associated with race and ethnicity.

High maternal BMI was associated with low serum hCG concentrations on day 16 after ovulation induction in 2,110 singleton and in 516 multiple pregnancies after ART.

Expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and CXCR1 is significantly up-regulated in fallopian tubes with tubal gestation, while expression of CXCR2 and IL-6Ra is not changed in comparison with normal fallopian tubes.

The proportion of US contraceptors using the IUD and implant increased from 2.4% in 2002 to 3.7% in 2007 and 8.5% in 2009, more than offsetting decreases in sterilization.

Improved implantation and ongoing pregnancy rates after single-embryo transfer in women with polycystic ovaries or polycystic ovary syndrome result from a modified in vitro maturation protocol.

Synchronizing ovarian stimulation with follicle wave emergence in patients with a prior suboptimal response resulted in an increase in the number of follicles that developed and serum E2 concentrations; however, corresponding improvements in oocyte, embryo, and pregnancy outcomes were not observed.

In this study analyzing embryo morphology and chromosomal status in relation to rate of embryonic developmental progression, the ability to blastulate, rather than day of blastulation, was found to significantly affect aneuploidy.

Three subsequent washings in certified ultraviolet sterile liquid nitrogen produce an efficient decontamination of vitrification carriers, allowing safe thawing of human specimens.

Inner cell mass outgrowth is a more sensitive bioassay than blastocyst development and sperm motility for detecting formaldehyde. Evaluation of culture media metabolome has potential as a sensitive QC assay.

Luteal phase supplementation with vaginal progesterone after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection can be safely withdrawn at 5 weeks' gestation.

We need new and more effective techniques of embryo selection. Oxygen consumption changes depending on the developmental stage, quality, and implantation success. Our observations indicate that oxygen consumption pattern could be a useful new marker of embryo quality.

The improved sensitivity of a fluorescent-based semen analysis technique indicates that a substantial proportion of patients diagnosed as azoospermic by conventional semen analysis may actually have sperm present in their ejaculate.

Adding recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone to human chorionic gonadotropin treatment protocols in adolescent/young adult men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism results in normal testicular growth and may hasten induction of spermatogenesis.

We showed that the homozygous +48845 G>T (TT allele) variant in the ETV5 gene is associated with Sertoli cell–only (SCO) syndrome and nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) in Australian men.

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