Girls at risk for PCOS are mainly characterized by insulin resistance and resistance to insulin-induced lipolysis suppression. Predisposition to PCOS may thus be related to adipocyte dysfunction.

Free carnitine is an important compound in fatty acid turnover. Pioglitazone treatment is able to modulate the intermediary metabolism in obese patients with PCOS.

Aromatase inhibitor therapy improved progesterone-resistant menorrhagia in a patient with hyperparathyroidism–jaw tumor syndrome.

Study of CD4+CD28null T-cell frequency, a new marker of cardiovascular risk, in the different PCOS phenotypes showed that CD4+CD28null frequency was significantly higher in the nonhyperandrogenic phenotype than in other phenotypes.

Low AMH levels in young healthy women did not predict reduced fecundability. Even after exclusion of women with irregular cycles, the probability of conceiving was reduced in women with high AMH levels.

The biomarkers calreticulin, fibrinogen-γ, superoxide dismutase, vimentin, malate dehydrogenase, and lamin B2 could help improve our understanding of the links between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and ovarian cancer (OC) and could potentially be used to identify subgroups of women with PCOS at increased risk of OC. More studies are required to further evaluate the role these biomarkers play in women with PCOS and OC.

An improved endometrial tissue culture system was developed. The cultured tissue responded to steroids, allowed leukemia inhibitory factor–dependent blastocyst attachment, and underwent decidualized reaction in vitro.

Cumulus cell gene and protein expression are impacted by maternal aging.

Resveratrol induces cytostatic, but not cytotoxic, effects on granulosa cells, induces a dose-dependent decrease of estradiol production, and reduces vascular endothelial growth factor.

Proliferation of leiomyoma cells was inhibited by treatment with suprapharmacologic concentrations of liarozole, and extracellular matrix mRNA expression decreased in a dose-dependent manner when treated with pharmacologic concentrations of liarozole.

Milk fat globule–epidermal growth factor 8, a multifunctional epithelial protein in the human endometrium, and hCG modulate apoptosis of stromal cells.

In a case-control study comparing 75 infertile women and 210 controls, no significant differences were found in the rates of dyspareunia or sexual dysfunction.

Approximately 90% of the publications in the top five journals are neither systematic reviews nor randomized, controlled trials. Although the risk of bias was low, only 23% had a trial registration.

Eleven studies have been published on serum AMH levels after surgical excision of ovarian endometriomas. Most of them documented a significant decrease after surgery, thus supporting surgery-related damage to ovarian reserve.

Ectopic endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) show increased proliferation, migration, vascular endothelial growth factor release, and HIF-1a expression in respect to eutopic or control MSC. Sorafenib inhibits both functional properties and angiogenic phenotype.

ABCG2 was strongly expressed in endothelial cells of microvessels of eutopic endometrium, and the density of ABCG2+ microvessels was reduced in ectopic endometrium except in cases of deep infiltrating endometriosis.

Women with endometriosis experienced more frequent and severe deep dyspareunia and worse sexual functioning compared with women without endometriosis, whereas differences between women with diverse endometriosis forms were marginal.

We found a decrease in endometrial-subendometrial vascularity as shown by three-dimensional ultrasonography and power Doppler angiography in antiphospholipid antibodies–associated recurrent miscarriage patients during the peri-implantation period.

The incidence of pregnancy of unknown location and visualized EP were each significantly reduced in transfers of thawed embryos when compared with fresh embryo transfers.

Logistic regression analyses of retrospective data from ten IVF clinics indicate significant improvement in clinical pregnancy rate (relative +20%), presumably from stable culture conditions and morphokinetic selection, with the use of time-lapse embryo monitoring.