Adrenocortical responses before and after bilateral oophorectomy suggest that ovarian factors have a limited role in the etiology of adrenal androgen excess of polycystic ovary syndrome.

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of metformin on serum levels of 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome showed levels were statistically significantly reduced versus placebo.

Young women with polycystic ovary syndrome and subclinical hypothyroidism present higher serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with no changes in other lipid profile parameters, insulin resistance, or phenotypic manifestations.

In rats with cyclophosphamide-induced asthenozoospermia, CatSper1 and sperm motility were significantly reduced, whereas Sheng-Jing-San treatment restored the cyclophosphamide-induced down-regulation of CatSper1 and improved the sperm motility.

Insulin-dependent vasorelaxation in aortic rings in a PCOS rat model is decreased (both NO-dependent or independent), and vitamin D treatment can improve only the NO-independent model.

Global metabolomic and amino acid profiles of spent culture media samples from embryos derived from either fresh or vitrified oocytes showed no statistically significant differences.

Nucleolar channel systems appear uniformly throughout the upper endometrial cavity, excluding the lower uterine segment, and preferentially in the functional luminal layers of the endometrium, indicating uniform secretory transformation.

Data presented here reveal the importance of evaluating the complete lipid profile, especially at early stages of life after the prenatal hyperandrogenism condition.

In an established model of spontaneous adhesive disease associatedwith experimental human endometriosis in nude mice, development of adhesions was significantly reduced in animals provided with an antiinflammatory diet containing fish oil.

Microarray data revealed altered expression of several novel invasion-associated molecules in leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-treated HTR-8/SVneo cells, wherein silencing of pappalysin 1 reduced LIF-mediated invasion.

Peripheral blood stem cell transplants did not result in endometrial engraftment in human and non-human primate models.

The study demonstrated that a specific survivin mRNA and protein are expressed in human oocytes and embryos. Embryos secrete survivin into culture media, and survivin concentrations are positively correlated with embryo cleavage rates.

In the same set of endometrial biopsies, the accuracy of the endometrial receptivity array diagnostic tool was superior to dating by endometrial histology, and was reproducible in the same patients 29–40 months later.

There are considerable knowledge gaps among Australians of reproductive age about the impact on fertility of age, weight, smoking, and timing of sex.

Sonographic lower uterine segment evaluation may be a good noninvasive, repeatable, safe technique for defining profile risk of uterine dehiscence or worse in women with previous cesarean section, especially more than 18 months later.

The level of plasma soluble E-cadherin was elevated in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease as compared with that in normal controls and in the same patients after they received treatment.

In a primary ovarian insufficiency group, we identified one mutation and a frequent variant of the NR5A1/SF-1 gene. This work confirms the important role of steroidogenic factor 1 in ovarian function.

Young women undergoing chemotherapy experience acute changes in ovarian reserve that recover in the months after therapy is completed. The rate of recovery of AMH is impacted by pretreatment levels.

We report the first-year results of the longest-lived human uterus allograft.

In cryopreserved semen from men with newly diagnosed cancer, all specimens show severe decline in postthaw total motile sperm count, with most severe reductions in the myeloid leukemia group.

Children conceived by ART had higher mean total difficulties scores than planned, naturally conceived children, yet scores mostly remained within the “normal” range, and there was no significant increase in clinically relevant behavioral problems.

An analysis of 25,777 singleton full-term births after assisted reproduction showed that extended embryo culturing and frozen-thawed embryo transfer increased birth weight and that ovarian stimulation is a risk factor for low birth weight in fresh embryo transfer cycles.

Pregnancy showed a cMP increase. Differences in numbering and types of cMP in normal pregnancy, RM and PE have been demonstrated. Endothelial-derived cMP are increased in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies.

This study highlights the risk involving various genotypes and alleles of the interleukin (IL) 4 (C590T), IL-6 (G174C), IL-10 (1082A/G and 819C/T), and interferon-g (+874 A/T) polymorphism with recurrent miscarriage.

Human decidual natural killer (dNK) cells were cocultured with Toxoplasma gondii in vitro. Changes in dNK cell activities likely contribute to abnormal pregnancy outcomes due to infection with T. gondii.

Although pregnancy rates in “Bologna-criteria poor ovarian responders” treated with corifollitropin alpha in a GnRH antagonist protocol are low, this should be interpreted with caution given the very poor prognosis of this population.

Use of MI oocytes matured in vitro during routine ICSI is associated with multinucleation, poorer embryo quality, and lower clinical pregnancy and implantation rates.

In this follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial on preimplantation genetic screening (PGS), the percentage of 2-year-old children with one or more major abnormality in the group born after in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with PGS did not exceed the percentage in those born after IVF/ICSI without PGS.

We developed a microfluidic device that can reduce the treatment time of intracytoplasmic sperm injection and compared the treatment time for porcine sperm injection using the method employing this device and the conventional microdroplet method.

Multiple-gestation pregnancies are the most significant morbidity after IVF, yet national data reports outcomes as per cycle pregnancy rates. This study provides estimates of the cumulative incidence of liveborn multiples and reports a low cumulative incidence of liveborn multiples, especially triplets.

Impaired endometrial receptivity following ovarian stimulation appears to be primarily through embryo-endometrium asynchrony.

DOR (up to age 40) is more prevalent in ART cycles performed in states lacking mandated ART coverage than in states with coverage. Mandates may impact outcomes in DOR cycles.

This retrospective study analyzed the risk factors for development of significant liver dysfunction in pregnancy and it’s specific etiologies. Assisted reproduction was significantly associated with liver test abnormalities.

Overweight men have lower clinical pregnancy rate after microdissection testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection compared with men with normal weight. Men with body mass index >43 kg/m2 did not contribute to any pregnancies despite successful sperm retrieval.

DNA damage results of ejaculated sperm do not accurately reflect DNA status of motile sperm, so sperm DNA damage should be assessed in motile sperm fraction rather than whole ejaculated sperm.

For patients with temporary ejaculation failure, surgical sperm retrieval compromised the outcomes of fresh embryo transfers, whereas it did not affect the outcomes of thawed embryo transfers.

The abnormal regulation of voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) negatively affected sperm function. Thus, VDACs may be key regulators of the fertilization ability of spermatozoa.

Reflections on Azziz et al. “Effect of bilateral oophorectomy on 173 adrenocortical function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)”

Reflections on “The accuracy and reproducibility of the endometrial receptivity array is superior to histology as a diagnostic method for endometrial receptivity” by Diaz-Gimeno et al.

Reflections on “Preliminary results of the first human uterus transplantation from a multiorgan donor” by Ozkan et al.