Standardization of laparoscopic pelvic examination will make lesions in anatomically challenging locations less likely to miss.

Leptin is able to regulate the expression of different target enzymes throughout the P synthesis, such as P450scc and 3bHSD, in a dose-dependent manner.

Changes in the follicle microenvironment lead to quantifiable differences in gene expression in individual oocytes and their polar bodies.

Cell membrane proteins from an oviductal epithelial cell line have protective effects on spermatozoa against oxidative stress.

Kisspeptin could augment progesterone secretion via stimulating key steroidogenic enzymes and phosphorylate Erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase in cultured luteal cells.

Dimethylsulfoxide may up-regulate AQP7 expression in mouse oocytes by both osmolarity-dependent and osmolarity-independent pathways, and up-regulation of AQP7 facilitates water diffusion in mouse oocytes.

In audit and feedback methods to improve patientcenteredness in fertility care, the key issues are increasing professionals’ knowledge about their performance and their desire to make changes.

Training in empathic skills for physicians resulted in higher self-reported patient satisfaction regarding information quality, communication skills, time dedicated, and expertise in patients from different countries accessing infertility treatment.

A novel modification of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist IVF protocols for postponement of retrieval until at least 7 days after cessation of menstruation allows for observance of ritual Jewish practices.

Preimplantation genetic screening using fluorescence in situ hybridization improves live-birth rates in patients with repetitive implantation failure or advanced maternal age.

Immunohistochemical analysis reveals all uterine tissue types in uterine rudiments of patients with MRKH syndrome. Endometrial components show reduced proliferative capacity and basalis-like differentiation.

In recently menopausal women, self-reported climacteric symptoms do not correlate with subclinical atherosclerosis.

A methodology of next-generation sequencing was developed for preimplantation genetic diagnosis and found to be highly consistent with two independent methods of single-gene disorder screening.

The rate of alternate embryos can be affected by the sex of the robertsonian translocation carrier, and aneuploidy of chromosome 18 was significantly (P<.001) increased in 3:0-segregated or chaotic embryos.

Human preantral follicles can be successfully cryopreserved before or after isolation without impairing their ability to survive and grow in vitro.

Germinal vesicle and metaphase I oocytes should be matured in vitro before cryopreservation to optimize the reproductive potential of all retrieved oocytes.

MicroRNA miR-145 inhibits proliferation, invasiveness, and the stem cell phenotype of endometriotic cells by targeting multiple cytoskeletal elements and pluripotency factors, emerging as a novel target for therapeutic approaches.

The frequency of the dopamine receptor D2 polymorphism 2 was increased in subjects with peritoneal moderate/severe endometriosis.

OCT4 is significantly up-regulated in human ectopic endometriotic tissues. The OCT4 expression may contribute to the pathology of ectopic endometrial growth by stimulating the migration of endometrial cells.

The prevalence of infertility in the United States was approximately twofold higher when estimated by a current duration approach vs. a traditional constructed measure (15.5% vs. 7.0%, respectively).