Standardization of laparoscopic pelvic examination will make lesions in anatomically challenging locations less likely to miss.

Leptin is able to regulate the expression of different target enzymes throughout the P synthesis, such as P450scc and 3bHSD, in a dose-dependent manner.

Changes in the follicle microenvironment lead to quantifiable differences in gene expression in individual oocytes and their polar bodies.

Cell membrane proteins from an oviductal epithelial cell line have protective effects on spermatozoa against oxidative stress.

Kisspeptin could augment progesterone secretion via stimulating key steroidogenic enzymes and phosphorylate Erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase in cultured luteal cells.

Dimethylsulfoxide may up-regulate AQP7 expression in mouse oocytes by both osmolarity-dependent and osmolarity-independent pathways, and up-regulation of AQP7 facilitates water diffusion in mouse oocytes.

In audit and feedback methods to improve patientcenteredness in fertility care, the key issues are increasing professionals’ knowledge about their performance and their desire to make changes.

Training in empathic skills for physicians resulted in higher self-reported patient satisfaction regarding information quality, communication skills, time dedicated, and expertise in patients from different countries accessing infertility treatment.

A novel modification of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist IVF protocols for postponement of retrieval until at least 7 days after cessation of menstruation allows for observance of ritual Jewish practices.

Preimplantation genetic screening using fluorescence in situ hybridization improves live-birth rates in patients with repetitive implantation failure or advanced maternal age.

Immunohistochemical analysis reveals all uterine tissue types in uterine rudiments of patients with MRKH syndrome. Endometrial components show reduced proliferative capacity and basalis-like differentiation.

In recently menopausal women, self-reported climacteric symptoms do not correlate with subclinical atherosclerosis.

A methodology of next-generation sequencing was developed for preimplantation genetic diagnosis and found to be highly consistent with two independent methods of single-gene disorder screening.

The rate of alternate embryos can be affected by the sex of the robertsonian translocation carrier, and aneuploidy of chromosome 18 was significantly (P<.001) increased in 3:0-segregated or chaotic embryos.

Human preantral follicles can be successfully cryopreserved before or after isolation without impairing their ability to survive and grow in vitro.

Germinal vesicle and metaphase I oocytes should be matured in vitro before cryopreservation to optimize the reproductive potential of all retrieved oocytes.

MicroRNA miR-145 inhibits proliferation, invasiveness, and the stem cell phenotype of endometriotic cells by targeting multiple cytoskeletal elements and pluripotency factors, emerging as a novel target for therapeutic approaches.

The frequency of the dopamine receptor D2 polymorphism 2 was increased in subjects with peritoneal moderate/severe endometriosis.

OCT4 is significantly up-regulated in human ectopic endometriotic tissues. The OCT4 expression may contribute to the pathology of ectopic endometrial growth by stimulating the migration of endometrial cells.

The prevalence of infertility in the United States was approximately twofold higher when estimated by a current duration approach vs. a traditional constructed measure (15.5% vs. 7.0%, respectively).

Of the 1,345 couples who consulted for male factor infertility, 407 patients discontinued treatment principally due to painfulness of treatment and its ineffectiveness. Of these patients, 20% finally succeeded in having a child.

The data of the present study clearly suggest that MTHFR A1298C polymorphism is a genetic risk factor for pregnancy loss, and it appears to be clinically important.

In young healthy, normal weight women, continuous use of combined contraception leads to a decrease in serum AMH levels independently of administration route.

Blastomere multinucleation has a negative impact on live birth.

Dropping out of couples from fertility treatment is well known. An observational retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate whether prognostic profiles differed between couples who drop out and couples that continue IUI.

Our group experience demonstrates a clinical advantage for IMSI procedure in patients who failed in their first ICSI or for patients who shifted between ICSI and IMSI modalities.

Trophectoderm grading, but not inner cell mass grading, significantly correlates with implantation and live birth for single-embryo transfers.

After IVF cycle failure, delaying consecutive IVF cycle start for two or more menstrual cycles is likely of no advantage compared with waiting only one endogenous menstrual cycle before proceeding.

An incidental finding of a 46,XX SRY-negative phenotype was discovered during routine infertility investigations. We describe the case and propose clinical management guidance for the comprehensive management of this rare condition.

Spermatogonia-specific apoptosis does not explain the stem cell loss observed after intratesticular tissue grafting. Probably, hypoxia during the first days after transplantation induces degeneration of tubules in the center of the graft.

Obesity has an impact on semen quality, and adipokines appear to influence semen parameters potentially in conjunction with body mass index.

Microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies reveal that microRNAs are differentially expressed in normal versus spermatogenically impaired males and have therapeutic potential for the development of biomarkers for male infertility.

The presence of merocyanine 540 staining bodies does not affect quantification of early and late apoptotic biomarkers in spermatozoa from fertile and subfertile men.

Because DNA fragmentation, hyaluronan-binding ability, and induced hyperactivity of spermatozoa correlate with the fertilization rate after in vitro fertilization, blastocyst formation can be predicted by the sperm DNA fragmentation rate

For assessing sperm morphology, Testsimplets gives a statistically significantly lower number of normal forms, so its clinical application is not recommended over Diff-Quik, the quickest recommended technique.

Proteomic analysis shows that differences in protein expression in spermatozoa producing higher levels of ROS may play a role in the pathophysiology of male infertility.

Sperm ROS formation and DNA damage as well as seminal plasma oxidative stress parameters were investigated in idiopathic infertile men. Intensive oxidative stress may have caused sperm dysfunction.

Reflections on “Standardization of laparoscopic pelvic examination” by Bedaiwy et al.

Reflections on “Cell membrane proteins from oviductal epithelial cell line protect human spermatozoa from oxidative damage” by Chiu et al.

Reflections on “Preimplantation genetic screening using fluorescence in situ hybridization in patients with repetitive implantation failure and advanced maternal age: two randomized trials” by Rubio et al.