The agreement on the hysteroscopic diagnosis of septate uterus was found to be poor. Clear definitions are needed to use hysteroscopy as a reliable screening tool for uterine cavity abnormalities.

In conservative surgical treatment of PPH, pelvic vessel embolization and compressive sutures are associated not only with high rates of subsequent fertility but also with placental disorders, intrauterine growth restriction, cesarean delivery, and PPH recurrence.

The duration of endometrial wound healing is different after various hysteroscopic surgeries. It can be clearly observed with postoperative monthly office hysteroscopic examinations.

Cognitive behavior therapy not only restored ovarian function in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) but it also lowered cortisol levels and improved neuroendocrine and metabolic concomitants of FHA.

Small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat–containing protein alpha is expressed in human ovarian tissues and has the potential to modulate androgen receptor signaling, but expression levels may not be abnormal in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Rate of ovarian primordial follicle recruitment increases prepubertally then declines again following the onset of puberty, while ovarian follicle activity continues to increase. These changes seem to track with the age of menarche.

Ganglionic cholinergic stimulation produces changes in ovarian release of progesterone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, noradrenaline, and adrenaline; the ovarian nerve plexus regulates these mechanisms through the release of different neurotransmitters.

Differences in gene expression in individual second polar bodies may be potential markers for minimally invasive testing of embryo developmental competence.

Treatment of mice with G-CSF with or without SCF protects ovarian follicle pool and extends time to premature ovarian insufficiency in mice treated with alkylating chemotherapy.

Among 62 women with diminished ovarian reserve, self-esteem significantly predicted fertility distress both directly and indirectly through emotional reactions to potentially being a fragile X premutation carrier.

Data from a large U.S. case-control study of ovarian tumors revealed no significant association between fertility drug use and the risk of developing ovarian tumors among infertile women.

A total of 319 couples seeking fertility treatment spent an average of 125 hours obtaining care. This burden significantly adds to the financial and mental stress of pursuing fertility treatment.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and/or an aromatase inhibitor treatment stabilized or improved disease in patients with benign metastasizing leiomyoma; a selective progesterone receptor modulator was associated with improved symptoms despite increasing fibroid size.

Exploratory genetic analysis of functional polymorphisms 5-HTTLPR and rs6295 reveals clinical implications during early pregnancy loss events in recipients undergoing IVF treatments using donated oocytes.

Vitrification of oocytes is a reproducible, safe, and efficient method for fertility preservation in both oncological and nononcological patients, with a rapidly increasing demand and proven efficacy.

Natural killer and T-regulatory cells participate in the pathogenesis of endometriosis; establishing the role of certain chemokines in modulating this response represents a fundamental key to understanding the inflammatory response.

Mitochondrial displacement (D-) loop alterations may constitute an inheritable risk factor for endometriosis. The analysis of D-loop alterations might help to identify patients at high risk for disease outcome.

Immunohistochemical staining for IMP3 is a simple, inexpensive, and sensitive test that can be used as a triage tool to discriminate between preneoplastic atypia and confounding benign conditions.

Multidrug resistance–associated protein 4 expression is augmented in peritoneal endometriotic lesions, where it localizes to glandular epithelial cells and is inhibited by lipoxin A4 in endometriotic epithelial cells in vitro.

Fecundability peaks around age 30 years and then declines, more steeply for nulliparous women. Men have a more modest decline with age. Volitional factors can offset some of the decline.

Racial differences in fibroid prevalence exist even in young asymptomatic women. Findings of thicker endometrium in black women warrant further investigation, given possible clinical implications.

The comparison of embryo morphokinetics after IVF-ICSI cycles according to female smoking status showed that early embryo development is impaired by female smoking, leading to poor IVF outcome.

Elective single ET in the United States increased from 1999–2010. One-third of elective single ET among 35–37-year-olds resulted in a good perinatal outcome; transfer guidelines could be expanded.

CGB5 promoter variants were associated with a modest but significant effect on reducing recurrent miscarriage (RM) risk. No common genetic variants in CGB5 and CGB8 were associated with increased RM susceptibility.

There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1, 2, 3, and 4 gene polymorphisms between idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion couples and control subjects.

Diagnostic imaging for congenital and acquired uterine anomalies should be recommended to women after two recurrent miscarriages, even if they have had a prior live birth.

Endometrial and subendometrial microvascularization was increased in women with IUD-induced menorrhagia, as evidenced by 3D power Doppler analysis; however, this finding has no predictive value before IUD insertion.

Personalized first-cycle IVF live birth predictions can better identify patients with good-to-excellent prognoses.

Whether a fresh or thawed IVF embryo is transferred affects the height and growth factor and lipid profiles in childhood, so embryo derivation should be considered when assessing childhood outcomes.

In a sibling oocyte study conducted in infertile patients 30–39 years of age, oocyte vitrification had minimal negative impact on embryo development and subsequent clinical results.

Estrogen-suppressed in vitro maturation eliminates the need for gonadotropin stimulation and cycle monitoring yet results in a 40% live-birth rate.

Various demographic factors were identified to influence vasectomy prevalence (6.6%), and 19.6% of vasectomized men desired future children, revealing a need for additional counseling on permanent contraceptive methods.

Body mass index correlation with sex hormones is exponential for testosterone and power for sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG). Bariatric surgery improves all parameters with a higher than expected (for corresponding weight loss) increase of total testosterone and SHBG.

Testicular sperm extraction is justified in patients with cryptozoospermia who fail to conceive by ICSI using ejaculated spermatozoa, as it offers a higher pregnancy rate.

This observational study of sperm DNA fragmentation in men with malignancy presenting for semen cryopreservation compared with men presenting for sperm donation found no difference in sperm DNA fragmentation indices.

This study establishes a simple method for in vitro sperm head decondensation, which allows an accurate detection of real sperm DNA content and direct quantification of diploid sperm.

Reflections on “The international agreement study on the diagnosis of the septate uterus at office hysteroscopy in infertile patients” by Smit et al.

Reflections on “Fertility drug use and the risk of ovarian tumors in infertile women: a case-control study” by Asante et al.

Reflections on “Racial differences in fibroid prevalence and ultrasound findings in asymptomatic young women (18-30 years old): A pilot study” by Marsh et al.

Reflections on “Why we may abandon basal follicle-stimulating hormone testing: A sea change in determining ovarian reserve using antimüllerian hormone” by Toner et al.