Clinical application of uterus transplantation requires a full discussion of the medical, ethical, and social problems before its use in patients.

A sperm forward motility–stimulating protein was purified from goat serum and characterized. The research provides a potential nonsteroidal biomolecule and its antibody that may solve some global reproductive problems.

Natural male aging negatively affects both in vivo and in vitro reproductive outcomes in an outbred murine model.

Vitrification does not significantly affect the methylation patterns of the CpG islands in the Dnmt1o, Hat1, and Hdac1 promoters in mouse metaphase II oocytes, but reduces expression of Dnmt1o mRNA.

Human ovarian follicles express resistin, which decreases insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-induced steroid production, P450scc and P450 aromatase protein levels, and IGF-I receptor signaling pathways in primary human granulosa cells.

Mitochondria are significantly activated in growthrestricted fetuses, which may be a response to adverse intrauterine environments rather than to genetic factors.

Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced RANTES production by estrogen receptor b agonist diarylpropionitrile in the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 may be mediated via repression of nuclear factor kB activation.

Diabetes induces oxidative DNA damage in the corpus cavernosum. Angiotensin-(1–7), a counter-regulator of angiotensin II signaling, significantly attenuates DNA damage and structural changes in the corpus cavernosum.

In subfertile women with anovulation we evaluated the prevalence of additional fertility-reducing factors and the diagnostic and prognostic capacity of fertility tests.

Caucasian and Asian women with polycystic ovary syndrome living in the same geographic region have a similar prevalence of hirsutism and other markers for androgen excess.

Below the age of 40, women with polycystic ovary syndrome have higher clinical pregnancy and live-birth rates after in vitro fertilization compared with women with tubal factor infertility. After 40, despite a higher oocyte yield, there is no difference in pregnancy outcomes.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of limbic activation with emotional processing differed between healthy women and women with insulinresistant polycystic ovary syndrome.

There is increasing awareness of the importance of endometrial development in infertile patients. In a large unexplained infertility population, we describe the factors affecting adverse endometrial development during IUI cycles.

Several factors, such as genetic, epigenetic, steroids, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix components, have been identified in myometrial and leiomyoma biology that are hereby reviewed and discussed.

Clinical-grade vitrification of human ovarian tissue in fertility preservation, with the use of only one permeating cryoprotectant, ethylene glycol, in a closed system results in intact follicular ultrastructure.

Several phthalates but not bisphenol A were associated with incident endometriosis in the population cohort, whereas two phthalates emerged in sensitivity analyses for the operative cohort

In this systematic meta-analysis of both cohort and case-control studies, published through September 2012, we found an increased risk for cancer among children born after fertility treatment.

Among twin pregnancies, maternal chronic disease was associated with additional risk of earlier delivery and cesarean section after spontaneous labor, but not with other obstetric complications.

Leptin and its receptor (ObR) are induced in ovarian endometriomas. There was positive correlation between ObR and adiponectin expression. The leptin-ObR system was associated with adiponectin gene expression in endometriotic cells.

Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 and decrease in tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP) 1 were associated with poor IVF outcome in women with endometriosis. Progesterone supplementation following IVF improved the MMP-9/TIMP-1 imbalance significantly in these women.