Elevated expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in placental villi and of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 in decidua are associated with prolonged bleeding after medical abortion.

In a retrospective analysis a slightly, but not significant, lower incidence of ectopic pregnancies was found in frozen ET cycles than in fresh IVF ET cycles.

More studies investigating the role of melatonin supplementation during controlled ovarian stimulation for improving assisted reproductive technology outcomes are still needed before recommending its use in clinical practice.

The long gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and GnRH antagonist regimens offer suitable choices for women with poor ovarian response undergoing IVF. The short GnRH agonist regimen is the least effective for poor responders.

Genes related to endometrial receptivity were analyzed on 25 endometrial samples after GnRH-a triggering and different luteal support protocols; adding LH/hCG activity more closely resembles the expression after hCG triggering.

The AMH assays reduced the cancellation rate after ovarian stimulation and helped some patients not to begin IVF stimulation because of their low AMH level.

Frozen-thawed single-blastocyst transfers were associated with lower odds of adverse neonatal outcomes than fresh transfers, but with higher odds of placenta accreta and pregnancy-induced hypertension.

By using Focal Plane Array Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, evidence of damage from aging on human oocytes was pinpointed in the composition and distribution of the principal biocomponents (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids).

Luteal phase supportwith a newsubcutaneous progesterone preparation provided pregnancy rates similar to progesterone vaginal gel in IVF patients. Safety and tolerability profile were equivalent.

Luteal-phase ovarian stimulation reveals a new approach for collecting competent oocytes in women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment, with optimal pregnancy outcomes in subsequent frozen embryo transfer cycles.

This study establishes association of acetyl a-tubulin with asthenozoospermia, suggests the isoforms determining the acetylation, and provides insight into potential mechanism of transcriptional regulation of a-tubulin isoforms.

Polymorphisms in the folate-metabolizing genes could be associated with the risk of male infertility, but further studies having more statistical power are needed to investigate the association.

Microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction studies reveal that microRNAs are differentially expressed in normal versus different testicular histopathologic patterns and have therapeutic potential for the development of biomarkers for male infertility.

The inflammatory status of the epididymis may be reflected by the abundance and activation status of dendritic cells in semen, which may affect sperm quality and fertility outcome.

In Canada, testosterone is not commonly used by men presenting for fertility investigation (1.3%). Testosterone cessation generally resulted in an increase in sperm counts. A subset of men remained azoospermic.

Sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) and TUNEL are poorly correlated for estimating DNA damage in men with unexplained infertility. SCD discriminates normal and abnormal sperm DNA damage with up to 69% accuracy when compared with TUNEL.

Cigarette smoking is associated with abnormalities in histone-to-protamine transition independent of semen quality, and interferes with the mRNA expression of protamines in human sperm and TM3 cell lines.

Reflections on “Follicle number, not assessments of the ovarian stroma, represents the best ultrasonographic marker of polycystic ovary syndrome” by Christ et al.

Reflections on “The impact of consumer affordability on access to assisted reproductive technologies and embryo transfer practices: an international analysis” by Chambers et al.

Reflections on “An overview of the current status of clinical trials on endometriosis: issues and concerns” by Guo et al.