This article discusses the advantages of the transvaginal approach for exogenous CSEP lesion resection and introduces the surgical procedure in detail.

Nerve growth factor is one of the key mediators that generates the pain associated with endometriosis. Dienogest inhibited NGF expression induced by TNF-α or IL-1β in human endometrial epithelial cells.

Rats with thin endometrium showed thicker endometrium and improved endometrial receptivity after BMSCs transplantation. The BMSCs have a beneficial effect on thin endometrium, and may play a role through migration and/or immunomodulatory properities.

This study provides new evidence on the mechanisms by which resveratrol promotes bovine oocyte maturation.

Oxygen tensions can influence the growth patterns of endometriosis implants in a SCID mouse model. Hypoxia pretreatment promoted the proliferation and angiogenesis of endometriosis, whereas hyperoxia pretreatment demonstrated the opposite effect.

Nanoparticles formulated with superoxide dismutase, an antioxidant enzyme, were conjugated to an FSH peptide. Conjugation increased Sertoli cell uptake and improved cell survival after oxidative stress.

Tumor necrosis factor α, an early embryonic product, modulates endometrial epithelial cell migration and expression of milk fat globule–epidermal growth factor 8 protein (MFG-E8).

Results demonstrate the feasibility of using high-intensity focused ultrasound, under ultrasound imaging for guidance and monitoring, to induce localized thermal damage inside ovaries without damage to the ovarian surface.

Akt1 has a critical role in ovarian graft reception: although ovarian grafts lacking Akt1 activity survive the immediate posttransplantation period, long-term survival of the graft is impaired.

Black adolescents and adult women with PCOS have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome compared with their white counterparts. These findings differ from population-based controls and are independent of obesity in adults.

Antimüllerian hormone (AMH) exhibits an age-related decline, but the population distribution suggests that the current AMH Generation II assay standardization is not as reported by the manufacturer.

The menstrual pictogram (superabsorbent polymer-c version) is a simple semiquantitative method that can be used to diagnose heavy menstrual bleeding and would be suitable to test treatment effects in clinical trials.

The disturbance of TH17-Treg cell balance was involved in the immunopathogenesis of both diffuse and focal forms of adenomyosis and showed positive correlation with dysmenorrhea severity and CA-125 levels.

In a prospective cohort study, previous surgical skin scar characteristics could potentially predict the severity and extent of intra-abdominal adhesions at the time of laparoscopy.

Vaginal mifepristone may offer an effective treatment option for women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas and can improve the patients’ quality of life.

Depending on the whole genome amplification used, the cell-cycle stage influences the accuracy of the comparative genome hybridization from single cells, because transitory gains and losses related to DNA replication are detected, such as segmental imbalances.

This is systematic review of uterus-sparing surgical treatment options for adenomyosis finds the techniques are feasible and efficacious for management of symptoms and preservation of fertility.

Linked public health and Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System data sets identified deliveries to mothers with indicators of subfertility who did not undergo assisted reproductive technology (ART) to serve as a comparison group for ART outcomes research.

Semen quality parameters were associated with shorter and longer time to pregnancy (TTP) when modeled individually but not when modeled together. Male age was negatively associated with fecundity as measured by TTP.

In this retrospective cohort study, we measured vitamin D levels in 99 recipients of egg donation. Nonreplete vitamin D status [25(OH)D<30 ng/mL] was associated with lower clinical pregnancy and live-birth rates.

This study examines bowel complications caused by the progression of deep endometriosis during pregnancy or IVF. Endometriosis prevalence and its complications in pregnancy are unknown because the association is probably underreported.

Bilaterality is the only significant factor in predicting the rate of decline of antim€ullerian hormone levels after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy.

Ovarian reserve is negatively affected by laparoscopic cystectomy of endometriomas demonstrated by decreased antim€ullerian hormone and increased FSH levels, especially in those older than 38 years and with bilateral cysts.

Outpatient management of pregnancies of unknown location using endometrial sampling with a Karman cannula aspiration can obviate the need for methotrexate.

Administration of methotrexate for confirmed or suspected ectopic gestation after assisted reproduction and ovarian stimulation does not result in decreased markers of ovarian reserve or altered assisted reproduction outcomes.

In vitro fertilization does not enhance sex-specific differences in fetal growth.

Normally spindled oocytes, as determined by polarized light microscopy, are associated with significantly higher pregnancy rates in patients with recurrent IVF failure.

A small but significant increase in oocyte yield was observed in consecutive IVF cycles, but only in women with normal ovarian reserve as determined by antral follicle count.

Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) measured as early as 9 days after egg retrieval is superior to traditional hCG and highly predictive of ongoing pregnancies after fresh IVF–embryo transfer.

We discuss the proportion of births born after assisted reproductive technology (ART) and compare the obstetric and prenatal complications between ART and spontaneous pregnancy in women in mainland China.

Use of polarization microscopy was associated with increased fertilization rates but reduced cleavage rates and top quality embryos formation; no significant difference was observed for clinical pregnancy or live-birth rates.

This world report covers 1,052,363ART procedures performed in 53 countries during 2005. An estimated 237,315 babies were born. Data on delivery rates, multiple births, and perinatal mortality are discussed.

Spondyloarthritis frequently strikes young men during sexual maturation. Patients are often chronically treated with tumor necrosis factor a blockers. We demonstrated the safety of this therapy on testicular function and spermatogenesis.

Cytomegalovirus in semen of HIV-infected men is not accurately predicted by serology, the presence of HIV, leukocytospermia, or age, and correlates with CD4+ lymphocyte blood counts <700/mL.

After review and meta-analysis of the use of fresh versus cryopreserved sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection in azoospermic men with spermatogenic dysfunction, we found no difference in pregnancy or fertilization rates.

Theophylline was an efficient tool in stimulating immotile spermatozoa in patients with retrograde ejaculation.

Reflections on “Reference range for the antimüllerian hormone Generation II assay: a population study of 10,984 women, with comparison to the established Diagnostics Systems Laboratory nomogram” by Nelson et al.

Reflections on “Ovarian reserve and subsequent assisted reproduction outcomes after methotrexate therapy for ectopic pregnancy or pregnancy of unknown location by Hill et al.

Reflections on “Impact of fresh versus cryopreserved testicular sperm upon intracytoplasmic sperm injection pregnancy outcomes in men with azoospermia due to spermatogenic dysfunction: a meta-analysis” by Ohlander et al.

The ethical conduct of human gamete and embryo research is contingent upon conscientious application of principles of informed consent with respect to gamete and embryo donors. Relevant ethical issues are developed herein.