This video illustrates the intra-operative identification and laparoscopic management of ureteral endometriosis in a 17-year-old female with uterine didelphys, history of left nephrectomy, and partial ureter resection.

Progestin-induced heart and neural crest derivatives–expressed transcript 2 plays a key role in the regulation of human decidualization.

Among cycling women, parous women have longer follicular phases and lower estradiol metabolite concentrations than nulliparous women. Estradiol, but not progesterone, metabolite concentrations are positively associated with time since last birth.

Measurement of antimullerian hormone (AMH) levels with a highly sensitive ELISA kit maximized detection at very low levels; conversion of AMH levels between different immunoassays is potentially highly inaccurate.

Oral contraceptive pill use is associated with a higher risk of future endometriosis diagnosis in nulliparous women but a lower risk among parous women.

Magnetic resonance imaging yielded higher antral follicle counts (AFC) than previously reported. AFC, antimullerian hormone, and free testosterone discriminated with high accuracy between women with polycystic ovary syndrome and controls.

In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D in PCOS, insulin sensitivity was unchanged, but there was a trend toward decreased 2-hour insulin and a protective effect on blood pressure.

The phenotype distribution and metabolic characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome differ in Chile and Argentina; the former is more metabolically altered and the latter more hypertensive.

Epithelial LIF expression is reduced in the endometrium of women with UI and is superior to avb3 integrin alone for assessment of endometrial receptivity.

X-chromosome inactivation in female newborns is not affected by intracytoplasmic sperm injection or in vitro fertilization.

A case-control study with 962 nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients and 1,931 male control subjects revealed that single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs12046213 of SFRS4, rs6103330 near SFRS6, and rs17431717 near SFRS9 were significantly associated with NOA risk.

Approximately 94% of women using fertility treatment used clomiphene, with smaller proportions using gonadotropin alone, intrauterine insemination, and in vitro fertilization. These patterns varied by financial, biologic, and temporal factors.

Oral contraceptive pill use is associated with a higher risk of future endometriosis diagnosis in nulliparous women but a lower risk among parous women.

The WNT/b-catenin signaling pathway in luteinized granulosa cells from patients with endometriosis was altered, affecting survival-related gene expression involved in granulosa cell apoptosis eventually leading to increased follicular atresia.

Highly expressed CD147 in ovarian endometriosis lesions with enhanced cell survival and migration in human endometrial cells may contribute to the progression of endometriosis.

Immunity to chlamydial heat shock protein (Chlam HSP60) and to human HSP60 is not significantly associated with a history of recurrent miscarriages or clinically relevant determinants of pregnancy loss.

Despite significant differences in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations across hCG immunoassays, an hCG discriminatory zone of 1,500–3,500 IU/L can be used for all but one commonly used hCG reagent platform.

In a case-control study of early miscarriage among Chinese women, previous induced abortion, working night shifts, and frequently staying up late are associated risk factors.

In pooled analyses, LNG-IUS 13.5 mg and LNGIUS 19.5 mg result in lower LNG systemic exposure, lower incidence of anovulation, and a similar progestin impact on the endometrium and cervical function compared with LNG-IUS 20 mg/24 h.

Using patient-specific and cycle-specific characteristics, we can predict the clinical pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, and miscarriage rates for individuals undergoing gonadotropin OI/IUI.

Time-lapse microscopy is used to identify and define atypical human embryo phenotypes that may aid in the deselection of poorer quality embryos, thereby improving in vitro embryo selection.

Progesterone measurements by direct immunoassay can be imprecise, affectingmedical decisions during IVF. A validated progesterone standard used in daily immunoassays could attenuate errors in assay imprecision.

Modified natural cycles is of no benefit for “genuine” poor ovarian responders and the option of egg donation should be seriously considered for this population.

The observance of a defined time interval from the end of sperm preparation to intrauterine insemination may improve pregnancy rates even if the couple’s parameters are not favorable.

A single episode of acute epididymitis is associated with significant alterations in sperm protein composition, with several molecules known to be involved in sperm maturation, function, and fertility.

Electroejaculation is a suitable and effective treatment that can be used in men with psychogenic anejaculation. The retrieved semen can be used successfully in ART treatment.

Data from this study suggest that seminal hyperviscosity (a posttesticular factor) is not an important cause of sperm DNA damage and is not associated with semenoglin degradation.

Reduced libido and erectile dysfunction are common in young, infertile men. Using multivariable logistic analysis of a large cohort, our data suggest that this is unrelated to hormone changes.

We identified significant relationships between sperm DNA fragmentation and both paternal age and progressive motility in a large cohort of normozoospermic men presenting for infertility evaluation.

Reflections on “A randomized clinical trial to determine optimal infertility treatment in older couples: the forty and over treatment trial (FORT-T)” by Goldman et al.

Reflections on “Acute epididymitis induces alterations in sperm protein composition” by Pilatz et al.

Reflections on “Hormone abnormalities are not related to the erectile dysfunction and decreased libido found in many men with infertility” by Satkunasivam et al.

Surveillance is a triennial worldwide compendium of national rules and regulations for assisted reproductive technology. It was last published in 2010.

In older infertile women, treatment initiated with two cycles of CC/IUI or FSH/IUI compared with immediate IVF demonstrated superior pregnancy rates with fewer treatment cycles in the immediate IVF group.

Repeated 3-month courses of ulipristal acetate control bleeding and pain, reduce fibroid volume, and restore quality of life over the long term in patients with fibroids.

Controversy exists whether varicocelectomy improves pregnancy rates in couples with male infertility.

This review article summarizes expression and functions of miRNAs during spermatogenesis and their importance in maintaining male fertility, and as potential biomarkers for male factor infertility.

This review covers not only impact of microRNA dysregulation in the origin of gynecological disease, but also the potential diagnostic and therapeutic role that microRNA may play in gynecological pathologies.

This review discusses diagnostic and therapeutic roles of miRNA in implantation. Although promising, further research is needed before miRNA are used in clinical practice for identifying and treating implantation failure.

MicroRNAs have a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression in the ovary. Research on the role in physiological and dysfunctional ovulation may offer new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.