The function of luminal epithelia appears to differ from that of glandular epithelia, even though both cell types are continuous in the functionalis layer of the endometrium.

17b-estradiol unbalances the expression of SCF and c-kit in rat seminiferous tubules cultured ex vivo, which is accompanied by reduced proliferation and augmented apoptosis of germ cells.

Because Cyp17a1 expression level was increased in the theca interna and interstitial cells in pinealectomized rats receiving vehicle, melatonin may influence CYP17A1 expression and steroidogenesis in the ovaries.

Lipoxin A4 deficiency may result in preeclampsia because of changes in inflammation, oxidative stress, and 11b-HSD2 expression.

Leiomyoma and myometrial cells in three-dimensional leiomyoma cultures treated with liarozole resulted in decreased expression of transforming growth factor b3 (TGF-b3) and TGF-b3-regulated extracellular matrix.

Lipoxin A4 regulates expression of estrogen receptor b (ERb) and inhibits 17b-estradiol induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation very likely through ERb in human endometriotic stromal cells.

Interleukin-25 expression was enhanced by trophoblast-derived hCG, could stimulate the proliferation of DSCs through activating JNK and AKT signals, which finally contributes to the establishment and maintenance of physiological pregnancy.

In primary prevention practice, HOMA-M120 and Sib (Avignon et al.) seem to adequately replace the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp in lean and overweight/obese PCOS patients, respectively.

Ovaries from Indian women seem to age at an earlier stage than those of Spanish women. We observed a 6-year difference between Indian and Spanish women.

Standard average FSH profiles do not reflect the more complex dynamics of daily hormonal variations. Discrepancies between the average profile and individual variants may be used to detect abnormalities.

Age-specific antimullerian hormone (AMH) references were determined in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). AMH levels were higher in women with PCOS than in those without PCOS. AMH correlated well with age and antral follicle count.

Among RABL2A genetic variants in male infertility, the 114391996 delC variant may confer a risk for oligoasthenospermia in Australian men.

Human spermatozoa contain a stable population of miRNAs potentially related to embryo development and spermatogenesis.

IL-1b -511CC genotype was associated with increased recurrent pregnancy loss risk and peripheral natural killer cell proportion.

Semen cryopreservation is an option to preserve fertility and should be offered to all pubertal boys diagnosed with cancer. If masturbation fails, electroejaculation can be considered as a useful option for semen cryopreservation.

Tubal ligation, hysterectomy, and unilateral oophorectomy were independently associated with lower risks of ovarian cancer. The associations with tubal ligation and hysterectomy are stronger for nonserous tumors.

Cumulative exposure to active smoking was associated with reduced fecundability among current and former smokers. Time since smoking cessation and passive smoking were not appreciably associated with fecundability.

Two or more acts of intercourse during the peri-implantation window is associated with a lower probability of pregnancy given prior intercourse during the fertile window.

Loss of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV under hypoxia (low oxygen tension) and the subsequent increase in migratory and angiogenic factors may favor conditions for lesion development in endometriosis.

Laparoscopic ureteral shaving for deep endometriosis can be safely and effectively accomplished, with a low risk of complications, encouraging fertility outcomes and a low probability of disease relapse.

Women with endometriosis undergoing assisted reproductive technology have increased nitrate and peroxynitrite in the oocyte microenvironment concurrent with adverse impact on maturation and aging of immature oocytes.

A new ultrasonographic mapping system for evaluating the extent of deep endometriosis may be useful for preoperative planning and intraoperative management of symptomatic patients.

Fetal cells retrieved by endocervical cytobrush at 5–20 weeks of pregnancy and isolated with immunomagnetic nanoparticles are extravillous trophoblast cells that contain intact fetal DNA useful for prenatal testing.

This is a case-control study of risk factors for recurrent cesarean scar pregnancy. Findings on risk factors might be helpful for the prevention and early diagnosis of the disease.

Conjugated bisphenol A level in maternal serum at the time of missed menses is associated with increased risk of euploid and aneuploid miscarriage in an infertile population.

This retrospective assessment of long-term effects of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis showed that COC use is associated with reduced disability progression and reduced evolution to secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis.

No significant improvement in ovarian response markers, ovarian response to standard dose gonadotropin stimulation, or IVF outcomes was detected in poor responders receiving pretreatment DHEA compared with placebo.

A healthy child was born to a patient with globozoospermia and a homozygous mutation to the SPATA16 gene.

Patients who fail to remain suppressed in response to GnRH antagonists have significantly poorer ovarian reserve compared with patients who do not experience breakthrough LH surges.

We report a live birth with in vitro fertilization from a 46-year-old woman using autologous oocytes.

In 14,328 oocyte cryopreservation procedures and 1,850 pregnancies reported to the National Italian Registry from 2007 to 2011, vitrification shows a higher pregnancy rate per started cycle than slow freezing.

In vitro fertilization increases MZT incidence; young oocytes, year of IVF cycle, and extended culture (embryo stage) confer the greatest risk. Specific assisted reproductive technology procedures may also contribute, although their impact correlates more with chorionicity.

In a comparison of the regular long protocol with a prolonged protocol with 28-days’ down-regulation, a significantly higher live-birth rate (55.56% vs. 45.73%) was observed with the prolonged protocol.

We formulated nomograms to predict improvements in semen parameters (total motile count, sperm concentration, motility, and morphology) after varicocele repair using multivariable linear regression.

Deficient expression of SAM68 might be one of the factors involved in the mechanism underlying spermatogenic defects. These results may offer new perspectives on the molecular basis of abnormal spermatogenesis.

Raman spectroscopy may noninvasively identify different maturational stages of spermatogenesis in ex vivo human seminiferous tubules.

The urinary metabolome could differentiate oligozoospermic infertile men from fertile men. The disrupted metabolic pathways reflected fertility reduction that may be tightly associated with energy consumption and antioxidant defenses in spermatogenesis.

Before launching live donor liver transplantation in Chicago, the preparations included thorough ethical discussion, which was subsequently published in The New England Journal of Medicine.

Each year nearly one in eight infants in the United States is born preterm. Preterm birth places babies at increased risk for death, health problems including long-term neurological disabilities, and extended time in the hospital.

Obstetric vigilance for early pregnancy screening has become imperative for all pregnancies, regardless of the risk for chromosomal anomalies.