An examination of the surface proteome of prereceptive and receptive mouse luminal endometrium by two-dimensional liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry found 45 proteins to be differentially expressed.

Fibroid-derived TGF-b3 alters endometrial BMP-2 signaling and prevents up-regulation of HOXA10 and leukemia inhibitory factor. The TGF-b blockade restoresBMP-2 stimulation ofHOXA10 and leukemia inhibitory factor andmay improve endometrial receptivity.

miR-451 is specifically up-regulated during the implantation period and affects embryo implantation by conversely regulating Ankrd46, implicated by a microarray-based analysis.

Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin induces granulosa cell expression of mRNA for the proteinases MMP1, MMP19, ADAMTS1, and ADAMTS9 in the dominant follicle collected across the periovulatory period of the menstrual cycle.

Benzo(a)pyrene disrupts mouse preimplantation embryo development by increasing reactive oxygen species level, inducing genomic and telomeric DNA damage and cell apoptosis, and reducing inner cell mass ratio.

Low birth weight may influence the appearance of hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in some adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome, but in the majority factors other than birth weight are implicated.

MiR-22-3p showed a lower expression level in 140 premature ovarian failure (POF) patients and was modestly effective in distinguishing POF from control subjects. It may be a consequence of the pathologic process of POF.

The presence of adrenal hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and increased blood pressure, but may have a beneficial impact on the lipid profile.

Associations between ultrasound features and reproductive and metabolic markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were assessed. Follicle populations reflected the severity of reproductive and metabolic dysfunction in PCOS.

Immunohistochemistry and intraindividual variation, as well as relations to other ovarian hormones, reveal that INSL3 is a unique and specific marker of theca cells of antral follicles.

Risk factors for intrauterine adhesions include retained products of conception (RPOC) occurring after delivery by cesarean section. Hysteroscopic treatment for RPOC has a low incidence of severe intrauterine adhesions formation.

We identified a novel nonsense mutation p.E142X in EMX2, resulting in truncated protein with a dominant negative effect. It reinforced the likelihood that EMX2 contributed to the pathophysiology of IMF.

In a retrospective study of patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) undergoing preimplantation genetic diagnosis, only 37%of all biopsied embryoswere confirmed tobe unaffectedbyNF1, and at least 27%of couples achieved a live birth

High incidence of monozygotic twinning in infertility clinic patients is conditioned by hereditary factors, and good ovarian function only facilitates the expression.

Pretreatment intake of soy foods and soy isoflavones was positively related to the probability of live birth in a prospective cohort of women undergoing assisted reproduction.

Body mass index was not associated with the number or percent of euploid embryos in patients undergoing 24-chromosome pre-implantation genetic screening.

Surgery for recurrent endometriomas is associated with histologic evidence of higher loss of ovarian tissue, and is more harmful to the ovarian reserve than first surgery.

In ampullary pregnancies, higher serum levels of VEGF are associated with the ultrasound finding of an embryo with cardiac activity.

Clinical pregnancy and live birth rates after embryo transfers performed by reproductive endocrinology and infertility fellows were unchanged after an 18-month lapse in clinical training.

Methylation analysis of 15 developmentally important genes and 2 repeats in 11 IVM children and 19 controls did not provide evidence for IVM-induced epigenetic changes.

The literature indicates that children conceived by assisted reproductive technology may be at increased risk of somatic morbidity in childhood compared with spontaneously conceived children.

The choice of elective single-embryo transfer strategy to be adopted should be determined by the context of the health system and the individual prognosis.

In this study of blastomere number and aneuploidy, rapidly developing cleavage-stage embryos are more likely to progress to blastocysts and are more likely to be chromosomally abnormal.

The measurement of the haptoglobin a-1 fragment in human serum albumin–supplemented culture medium serves as an alternative to assess viability by the exclusion of embryos having low implantation potential.

This study shows that a microfluidic device tested under static conditions supports single-embryo culture of donated frozen-thawed human day-4 embryos to advanced blastocyst stages.

The ovulatory dose in the clomiphene citrate (CC) stair-step protocol is effective in inducing ovulation in most patients undergoing a subsequent CC cycle.

The progesterone-to-follicle index has a linear and inverse relationship to cycle outcome, unlike blood progesterone, which is detrimental only at high levels.

Embryos derived from cryopreserved oocytes demonstrate impaired blastulation but equivalent rates of euploidy, implantation, and live birth compared with fresh oocytes, supporting the safety and efficacy of oocyte cryopreservation.

Frozen-thawed day 5 blastocyst transfer is associated with a lower ectopic pregnancy rate than frozen- thawed day 3 transfer and fresh transfer in patients undergoing IVF-ET.

A robust method for culturing caput, corpus, and cauda epithelial cells from primary human epididymis is established. These cells provide useful reagents for studying epididymis epithelial function.

Optimal cryopreservation test vial volume is 100 mL; results from one test vial appear to be sufficiently predictive of post-thaw quality for multiple ejaculates frozen over 10 days.

Microsurgical varicocelectomy could improve semen quality and spontaneous pregnancy rates in patients with varicoceles. Patients with high initial sperm concentration may benefit from varicocelectomy.

Reflections on “Nonsense mutation of EMX2 is potential causative for uterus didelphysis: first molecular explanation for incomplete Mullerian fusion (IMF)” by Liu et al.

Reflections on “Lapse in embryo transfer training does not negatively affect clinical pregnancy rates for reproductive endocrinology and infertility fellows” by Kresowick et al.

The purpose of this ASRM Practice Committee report is to provide clinicians with principles and strategies for the evaluation of couples with male infertility problems.

Currently there is no uniformly accepted definition of decreased ovarian reserve (DOR), as the term may refer to three related but distinctly different outcomes: oocyte quality, oocyte quantity, or reproductive potential. Available evidence concerning the performance of ovarian reserve tests is limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneity among study design, analyses and outcomes, and the lack of validated outcome measures.

When I use a word, Humpty Dumpty said in rather a scornful tone, it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less. Lewis Carroll.

“I’ve thought about this a lot, and I think I’m stuck” (Anonymous)

The use of “off-label” medications in the treatment of endometriosis is widespread. After an overview of Food and Drug Administration–approved treatments, this article reviews the use of “off-label” medications for endometriosis.

This review explores the off-label use of medications used to manage aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome, including androgen excess, irregular menses, and metabolic changes.