Inflammatory changes of the sigmoid-derived neovagina were observed in the most patients. Clinically, these changes appear similar to those encountered in diversion colitis.

Our data provide evidence that rapamycin (mTOR), particularly mTORC1, controls the glycolytic and oxidative profiles of human Sertoli cells. The mTOR signaling may be a pharmacologic target to control male reproductive potential.

We discuss how c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibition reduces endometriosis without hormonal suppression.

Artificial oocyte activation with calcium ionophore does not cause a widespread increase in chromosome segregation errors in the second meiotic division. However, we recommend that it is applied selectively to patients with specific indications.

The assisted oocyte activation protocol with the use of ionomycin is more efficient than the use of A23187 in both mouse and human oocytes.

The authors identify PCOS as an independent risk factor for the development of specific pregnancy complications in singleton pregnancies after IVF with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Nonidentifying summary data on cross-border reproductive care were considered important by responding Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society and Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology members. However, only one center from these societies was willing to collect and submit data.

These findings suggest that treatment for infertility does not significantly increase the risk of ovarian cancer among women with a BRCA mutation.

A placebo effect may explain some of the improvement in fibroid symptoms after magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound among women with uterine fibroids.

Cancer survivors commonly experience amenorrhea, especially those who receive chemotherapy, are nulligravida, or are older at diagnosis. Most women resume menses within 2 years of diagnosis or not at all.

A discussion of how oocyte vitrification is clinically efficient for elective fertility preservation in the largest series reported to date and how the demand for this option is increasing.

Differences in ovarian reserve between age-matched Bangladeshis who moved to London as children or adults highlight the influence of developmental environments rather than ethnicity on the tempo of reproductive aging.

Systematic change from norethindrone acetate to dienogest as first-choice progestin for endometriosis was associated with enhanced drug tolerability and similar improvement in pain relief, quality of life, and patient satisfaction.

The incidence of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome is lower in in vitro fertilization versus spontaneously conceived monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies.

The magnitudes of risk for early pregnancy loss after in vitro fertilization for all infertility diagnoses were small. The risks were similar when transferring similar quality embryos in fresh or frozen cycles.

Among a prospective cohort of women undergoing in vitro fertilization treatments at an academic fertility center, urinary methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben concentrations were not associated with clinical in vitro fertilization outcomes.

Under a carefully controlled environment, human embryos can be cultured in a single medium up to the blastocyst stage with no need to renew the medium on day 3.

We discuss the different policies of centers regarding obesity and access to assisted reproductive technology.

The addition of growth hormone to the antagonist protocol in poor-responder women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles resulted in better cycle outcomes but did not significantly affect pregnancy rates.

We discuss how short-term pituitary suppression decreases antral follicle count.

Patients facing difficult decisions regarding disposition of their surplus embryos require further information about their options after treatment to make timely, comfortable, and informed choices.

The chromosome condition of DNA retrieved by blastocentesis was highly concordant with that found in trophectoderm cells, polar bodies, and blastomeres. Segmental abnormalities could also be detected in blastocoelic fluids.

Noninvasive assessment of polar bodies angle proves to be a practical tool for the selection of viable embryos and should be considered for inclusion in embryo selection parameters.

Success rates in fresh autologous IVF cycles, including those done for specifically polycystic ovary syndrome or male-factor infertility, are highest in those with low and normal body mass indexes.

This study presents a deselection model for human in vitro fertilization embryos independent of the insemination method, the qualitative component being more accurate when coupled with a quantitative component.

Semen washing appears to be effective and safe, significantly reducing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in HIV-discordant couples attempting to become pregnant by means of assisted reproduction.

Sperm DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial membrane potential combined are superior to standard sperm parameters in predicting natural conception.

Men diagnosed with male factor infertility had a significantly higher risk of adverse health outcomes in the years after an infertility evaluation.

Seminal plasma proteome reflects sperm mitochondrial defects, acrosome alterations, and DNA fragmentation. Altered proteins and biological functions were identified, and a panel of biomarkers was proposed for sperm functional traits.

Angiotensin II type 2 receptor is present in human spermatozoa and is associated with basic sperm parameters, especially motility.

We have come a long way in achieving, and preventing, pregnancy since 1966.

Reflections on “Treatment of infertility does not increase the risk of ovarian cancer among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation” by Gronwald et al.

Reflections on “Oocytes vitrification as an efficient option for elective fertility preservation (EFP)” by Cobo et al.

Reflections on “Survey assessing obesity policies for assisted reproductive technology (ART) in the United States” by Kaye et al.

Reflections on “The role of patient education in facilitating future decisions regarding the disposition of surplus embryos” by Deniz et al.

Reflections on “Increased risk of incident chronic medical conditions in infertile men: Analysis of US claims data” by Eisenberg et al.

Maternal characteristics of subfertile women are associated with a lower birthweight; in vitro fertilization treatment in itself does not additionally contribute to a lower birthweight in the offspring.

I have to say, I truly love the specialty we are fortunate enough to practice. What other area of medicine involves the laboratory and clinic so intimately intertwined, changes so rapidly, and can bring so much joy to patients? But how are we getting there? What has the trajectory of our field been? And what role do we, as clinicians, have to play in determining outcome?

Optimizing in vitro fertilization laboratory procedures is essential to improve and maintain embryo viability.

This review examines the role of LH supplementation in older women, growth hormone in poor responders, and different triggering strategies and their impact on oocyte quality and cycle outcome.